Iikomityi zephepha, izitya zephepha, kunye neebhokisi zesidlo sasemini zezona zitya ziluhlaza zikhazimlayo kwinkulungwane yama-21.
Ukususela ekusekweni kwayo, izitya zephepha zenziwe ngephepha ziye zakhuthazwa kakhulu kwaye zasetyenziswa kumazwe aphuhlileyo nakwiindawo ezifana neYurophu, iMelika, iJapan, iSingapore, iSouth Korea, kunye neHong Kong. Iimveliso zephepha zineempawu ezizodwa ezifana nenkangeleko entle, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nococeko, azinawo amafutha kwaye azinawo ubushushu, kwaye azinatyhefu kwaye azinavumba, zinomfanekiso omhle, zivakala zintle, ziyabola kwaye azingcolisi. Kwakamsinya nje ukuba izitya zephepha zingene kwimarike, zamkelwa ngokukhawuleza ngabantu ngobuhle bazo obukhethekileyo. Ishishini lokutya okukhawulezayo lamazwe ngamazwe kunye nabathengisi beziselo ezifana neMcDonald's, KFC, Coca-Cola, Pepsi kunye nabavelisi beenoodles ezahlukeneyo abalula bonke basebenzisa izitya zokupheka zephepha. Nangona iimveliso zeplastiki ezavela kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini eyadlulayo zaza zadunyiswa njenge "White Revolution" zazisa lula ebantwini, zavelisa "ungcoliseko olumhlophe" okunzima ukulususa namhlanje. Ngenxa yokuba izitya zeplastiki kunzima ukuzisebenzisa kwakhona, ukutshiswa kwazo kuvelisa iigesi eziyingozi, kwaye azinakonakala ngokwendalo, kwaye ukungcwatywa kuya kutshabalalisa isakhiwo somhlaba. Urhulumente wam uchitha amakhulu ezigidi zeerandi minyaka le ukujongana nalo mba, kodwa awunampembelelo ingako. Uphuhliso lweemveliso eziluhlaza nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kunye nokususwa kongcoliseko olumhlophe kube yingxaki enkulu yoluntu kwihlabathi liphela.
Okwangoku, ngokwembono yehlabathi, amazwe amaninzi eYurophu nase-United States sele ewise umthetho wokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezitya zokutyela zeplastiki. Ukujonga imeko yasekhaya, uMphathiswa wezoLoliwe, uMphathiswa woNxibelelwano, uLawulo loKhuseleko lweNdalo lukaRhulumente, iKhomishini yoCwangciso lukaRhulumente, uMphathiswa weSayensi neTekhnoloji, kunye noorhulumente basekhaya abanjengoWuhan, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Dalian, Xiamen, Guangzhou kunye nezinye izixeko ezininzi ezinkulu bathathe inyathelo lokukhupha imiyalelo yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwezitya zokutyela zeplastiki ezilahlwayo. Uxwebhu No. 6 lweKhomishini yoQoqosho noRhwebo lukaRhulumente (1999) nalo luchaza ngokucacileyo ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2000, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokutyela zeplastiki kuya kuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo kuzwelonke. Uguquko lwehlabathi jikelele ekuvelisweni kwezitya zeplastiki luyavela kancinci kancinci. Iimveliso eziluhlaza nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo "zephepha endaweni yeplastiki" ziye zaba yenye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa kuphuhliso loluntu lwanamhlanje.
Ukuze kuhlengahlengiswe kwaye kukhuthazwe uphuhliso lomsebenzi "wephepha-ngokweplastiki", ngoDisemba 28, 1999, iKhomishini yoQoqosho noRhwebo yeLizwe, ngokubambisana noLawulo lweLizwe loMgangatho kunye nokuLawulwa koBugcisa, uMphathiswa weSayensi neTekhnoloji kunye noMphathiswa wezeMpilo bakhuphe imigangatho emibini yesizwe, "iMigangatho yoBugcisa ngokubanzi yeetafile zeDisposable Biodegradable Tableware" kunye "neendlela zoVavanyo loMsebenzi oDisposable Degradable Performance", eziye zaqaliswa ukususela nge-1 kaJanuwari 2000. Ibonelela ngesiseko sobugcisa esidibeneyo sokuvelisa, ukuthengisa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokujonga izixhobo zokutya ezilahlwayo ezilahlwayo kwilizwe lethu. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo loqoqosho lwelizwe lethu kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwemigangatho yokuphila yabantu, ulwazi lwabantu ngococeko nempilo nalo luyaqina rhoqo. Okwangoku, iikomityi zephepha ezilahlwayo ziye zaba yimfuneko ekusetyenzisweni kwabantu imihla ngemihla kwiindawo ezininzi eziphuhlileyo kwezoqoqosho.
Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, izixhobo zokupheka zephepha ziya kukhawuleza zisasaze ilizwe kwaye zingene kumakhaya amaninzi. Imakethi yayo ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye iyanda. Yindlela eqhelekileyo yokuba izitya zeplastiki ziphelise umsebenzi wayo wembali, kwaye izitya zephepha ziya kuba yindlela yefashoni.
Okwangoku, imakethi yemveliso yephepha isandul’ ukuqala, kwaye imakethi inamathuba abanzi. Ngokwezibalo, ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zephepha kunye nezixhobo zokupheka bekuziibhiliyoni ezi-3 ngo-1999, kwaye kwafikelela kwi-4.5 yezigidigidi ngo-2000. Kulindeleke ukuba inyuke kakhulu ngesantya sama-50% minyaka le kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo. Izixhobo zokupheka zephepha zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zorhwebo, zeenqwelo moya, kwiindawo zokutyela zokutya okukhawulezayo eziphezulu, kwiindawo zokutyela zeziselo ezibandayo, kumashishini amakhulu naphakathi, kumasebe karhulumente, kwiihotele, kwiintsapho kwiindawo eziphuhlileyo kwezoqoqosho, njl.njl., kwaye ziyanda ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwizixeko eziphakathi nezincinci kwilizwekazi. E-China, ilizwe elinabemi abaninzi emhlabeni. Amandla alo amakhulu emarike anika indawo ebanzi yabavelisi bemveliso yephepha.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-29-2024